Heineken Environment Analysis Essay

The bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers of raw materials to Heineken Company are mainly farmers. Therefore, the threat for power of supplier is high. The bottle supplier for Heineken is provided by Heye Glas Nederland which is fully supplied the green bottle for the worldwide distribution of Heineken beer. In the past, Heineken kept only 33% its stake in Heye Glas in order to secure the supply of high quality export bottles at a lower cost to meet the needs for demand but now Heineken has kept 100% stake in 2002. Beer is produced by water, barley, hops and yeast. These ingredients are supplied by farmers. Heineken also mentioned that competition for agricultural products from the biofuels industry that is affecting their costs. The bargaining power of buyers The buyers in this industry have many choices as there are many companies serving beer. This will increase the choice of the customer and hence the threat for power of buyers is high. For example, for serving customer at the pub, there are a lot of beer brands for them to fit their taste such as Guiness, Carlsberg, Tiger. Therefore, buyers now have a choice to choose the one they like. As a result, choosing of customer for what kind beer they want to drink will bring threats for Heineken. The threat of potential new entrants Nowadays, an explosion of smaller brewers has entered the market during the past decade that making the industry much more competitive. Heineken is one of the largest brewers in the world and they have to share market with other brewer. The barrier in the beer market is low. Therefore, the threat of potential new entrants for Heineken is high. This will make Heineken considering to create innovation or uniqueness into their product that can  sustain competitive advantages in the beer market. The threat of substitutes Beer is a kind of beverage which contains alcohol. However, people can switch to drink wine which also is alcohol drink. Customer’s taste is not similar so that they have right to choose what they want to enjoy, so this will affect the beer market as well as Heineken Company. As a result, the threat of substitute for beer market is high. The extent of competitive rivalry Heineken has achieved the economy of scale in the market especially in Europe. It holds about 30% of market share in European beer market. Since the beer market is growing, so the competitors will try to attain their growth targets. The large brewer like Heineken tends to enforce their own strategies to the beer industry and due the economies of scale they will produce higher quality and unique products which can make their own place in the market, hence keep themselves growing to achieve their target. Internal analysis of the company Analysis the resources Tangible: Since Heineken know that their plant and equipment is a key for company production, they invest so much in the infrastructure to make sure that their operation is working efficiently. For example, Heineken have four breweries in Russia, all those use KHS Till plant technology. This equipment at Heineken’s packaging can processes 50 liter kegs in addition to 30 liter at an output of up to 140 kegs an hour. As a result, the two-lane machine can operate with one racking, six washing and sterilizing stations. Intangible: brand name is most valuable asset of the Heineken Company, they has built this name Heineken with premium brand. The company recognizes that brand is very important key for them to develop a strong presence globally in the beer market so that Heineken have a lot of marketing activities for its brand name. Furthermore, branding is also a highly defensible competitive advantage for Heineken; this would bring strength to company expansion. Hence Heineken Company can stretch their production internationally and add more money for company. Management capability: Heineken implemented a number of new initiatives in the area of leadership development in 2004. One is a new leadership competency model that defines behavior expectations from all senior managers at Heineken. The model takes Heineken company ambitions and values as a starting point and translates these into the leadership behavior required from senior managers. With marketing differentiation using different message within normal media advertising can also have differentiating effect. This differentiation will bring strengths for Heineken. When most advertisers are pursuing essentially the beer market with the same message like showing gregarious groups of males in public houses having an enjoyable night out. In the other hand, Heineken managed to differentiate its beer by using a series of advertisements employing humour and the caption Heineken refreshed the parts other beers can not reach. Organizational structure In 2005 Heineken announced that it was created a new top management structure, this would drive and support growth as a global organization. In order to connect functions, operation and finance in a more effective way, the company create a new more streamlines Executive Board. Hence change would lead to create strengths for operating regions and global functions. Furthermore, Heineken has grown substantially over the past four years. The new structure is better suited to the present organization and ensures faster decision-making. In the beer market where the consolidation process is accelerating and rapid introduction of innovations is essential, this is crucial to the achievement of Heineken’s long term ambitions. Culture Heineken is proud of they are one of the world’s great beer companies. Hence their culture will reflect the company view and values. These values create so many strengths for company to develop their environment within the  company. Heineken based on the value that they respect their employees, business partners, customers, shareholders and all others who are connected to the company. Furthermore, Heineken make life more enjoyable by bring enjoyment to life, they also encourage this core value within the working places and atmosphere within the company. In addition, company has a fundamental belief in the concept and delivery of quality, it is also reflected in their other activities such as their social and employment policies. This will create benefit and value both for Heineken and their reputation. As a result, these values define Heineken corporate culture and working methods which help company to do the business successfully.

How Depth of Knowledge Drives Learning and Assessment

How Depth of Knowledge Drives Learning and Assessment Depth of Knowledge- also referred to as DOK- refers to the depth of understanding required to answer or explain an assessment-related item or a classroom activity. The concept of depth of knowledge was developed in the 1990s through research by Norman L. Webb,  a scientist at the Wisconsin Center for Education Research. DOK Background Webb originally developed depth of knowledge for mathematics and science standards. However, the model has been expanded and used in language arts, mathematics, science, and history/social studies. His model has increasingly become more popular in state assessment circles. The complexity of an assessment task is increasingly more difficult because the level often increases requiring multiple steps to complete. Does this mean that learning and assessment should not include level 1 tasks? On the contrary, learning and assessment should include a diversified set of tasks requiring students to exhibit a range of problem-solving skills within each level of complexity.  Webb identified four distinct depth of knowledge levels. Level 1 Level 1 includes basic recall of facts, concepts, information, or procedures- the rote learning or memorization of facts- an essential component of learning. Without a strong foundation of basic knowledge, students find it difficult to perform more complex tasks. Mastering level 1 tasks builds a foundation allowing students to attempt to complete higher-level tasks successfully. An example of level 1 knowledge would be: Grover Cleveland was the 22nd president of the United States, serving from 1885 to 1889. Cleveland was also the 24th president from 1893 to 1897. Level 2 Level 2 depth of knowledge  includes skills and concepts such as the use of information (graphs) or solving problems that require two or more steps with decision points along the way. The foundation of level 2 is that it often requires multiple steps to solve. You must be able to take what is there and fill in certain gaps. Students cannot simply recall the answer though some prior knowledge, as is the case with level 1. Students must be able to explain how or why in level 2 items. An example of a level 2 DOK would be: Compare and contrast a composite, cinder cone, and shield volcano. Level 3 Level 3 DOK includes strategic thinking that requires reasoning and is abstract and complex. Students must analyze and evaluate complex real-world problems with predictable outcomes. They must be able to reason their way through the problem logically.  Level 3 questions often require students to pull from multiple subject areas using a range of skills to come up with a solution that works. An example would be: Write a persuasive essay, citing evidence from other sources such as text, to convince your school principal to allow students to have and use their cell phones in class. Level 4 Level 4 includes extended thinking such as an investigation or application to solve complex real-world problems with unpredictable outcomes. Students must strategically analyze, evaluate, and reflect over time often having to change their approach on their way to coming up with an amicable solution. An  example of this level of knowledge would be: Invent a new product or create a solution that solves a problem or helps make things easier for someone within the confines of your school. DOK in the Classroom Most classroom assessments consist of level 1 or level 2 type questions. Level 3 and 4 assessments are more complex to develop, and they are also more difficult for teachers to score.  Yet, students need to be exposed to a variety of tasks at differing levels of complexity to learn and grow. Level 3 and 4 activities are challenging in different ways for both students and teachers, but they also offer many benefits that level 1 and level 2 activities cannot provide. Teachers would be best served by using a balanced approach when deciding how to implement depth of knowledge into their classrooms.

Facebook Marketing Strategy Why You Need One How To Build It

Facebook Marketing Strategy Why You Need One How To Build It Facebook marketing has gotten exponentially more challenging now than it was in the early days. Organic reach is harder to come by, advertising has become more important, and old-school tips and tricks that once worked well may not anymore. Now, more than ever, having a clear strategy is crucial for success. You know that though. Thats why youre here, right? So, your next questions might include: Can you still do effective marketing on Facebook organically? How exactly should smart businesses approach crafting their strategy? What are current best practices to consider following (and to consider breaking)? Which tactics are worth experimenting with right now? Should you consider using tools to better manage your processes? This post will dive into each of these points (and more), showing you exactly how to map out a robust strategy that will help you make the most of Facebook. Facebook Marketing Strategy: How to Plan the Best One in 8 StepsWhat Are the Benefits Behind Planning a Proactive Strategy? research data shows that marketers who document strategy are 313% more likely to report being successful. If Facebook is a primary marketing channel for your company, that means proactive planning should be considered important to ensure the effectiveness of your efforts. Of course, that strategy needs to be thoughtful and on-point. Youll need to do some research and keep it flexible enough to adjust your tactics based on performance over time, but having a plan will put you ahead of the game. You can make documenting that strategy easier by downloading the templates and resources below. In it, youll find a ZIP folder that includes the following: Facebook Marketing Strategy Template (PPT): This template will make it easy to document your entire strategy from start to finish. Google Analytics Custom Reports: Use these links to set up custom reports in Google Analytics for measuring social media success in just a few clicks. Social Media Calendar: Plan every post and keep the execution of your strategy organized in one place. This post will show you exactly how to put it to use so you can get this entire task completed quickly and easily. Planning Your Facebook Strategy in 8 Steps Step 1: Establishing Goals Step 2: Conducting a Facebook Page Audit Step 3: Understanding Your Audience Step 4: Developing a Brand Voice for Facebook Step 5: Running a Competitive Analysis Step 6: Planning a Facebook Content Strategy Step 7: Setting a Facebook Posting Schedule Step 8: Measuring the Effectiveness of Your Strategy Step 1: Define Your Marketing Goals For Facebook Before you know what to do, you need to know why you are doing it. It's easier to succeed when you give yourself a target to aim at.  Here are some common business goals for Facebook brand pages: Drive referral traffic. It isn't as easy as it used to be, but you can still drive traffic from Facebook. Strengthen brand awareness. Odds are your target customer is active on Facebook. Make them know you exist. Build a relationship with your audience. Groups are a great way to build community and achieve this goal. Provide customer service. People expect to be able to reach businesses through their Facebook pages. Generate leads and conversions. Particularly through advertising. No matter what your goal might be, it's important to remember Facebook is a social platform that allows two-way communication with your customers and target audience. Treat it accordingly. Step 2: Audit Your Existing Facebook Presence Do you currently have a Facebook business page (even if you haven't done much with it strategy-wise)? If so, it's a good idea to review where your page's performance is currently standing. This can help identify opportunities for improvement.  Here are some simple things to check (they may seem basic, but lots of little details can collectively add up to a big difference for your brand perception). Is Your About Tab Complete? People discovering your company on Facebook need a way to get to know who you are. If your About tab isn't accurate or complete, though, they'll have a harder time understanding your business. Check out this example from Saucony: Here, you can see they've filled out the following sections: Mission. What are you all about? Contact Info. How can people get ahold of you? Website. Where can I find more about your business? About. Add a company bio here. Company Overview. What do you do? Products. What do you sell? This might include some things that aren't obvious to people. Categories. How is your page best understood? Our Story. This is an extended section to share more about your company. Which Types of Content Appear to Perform Best? Research data shows that video content performs best on Facebook. That's a broad and general truth, though. What's actually working best for you? Review your recent posts (consider going back 90 days or so) and the following questions: Which tone of voice works best? Humorous posts? Serious posts? Inspirational posts? Do successful image posts have anything in common? Certain colors? Subjects? Text vs. no text? Are videos performing well? And if so, what attributes do successful videos share? Are they short? Long? Funny? Serious? What about posts with links? Facebook has indicated a desire to keep people on Facebook, rather than sending traffic away. Is your link post performance reflecting this? This simple exercise can help you figure out what might work well in the future based on what's worked well in the past. You can also quickly see your top performing posts using the Insights tab on your Facebook business page and taking a quick scroll downward: Click See All Posts  to take a deeper dive into your post history: How Does Your Cover Photo Look? If your cover photo hasn't been updated in a while (which it may not have been if you haven't optimized your business page in a while), now might be a good time to consider updating it. One option is to create something simple, timeline, and on-brand like this example from Vans: Or, you can create one that's coordinated with a current campaign you're running, like this example from Hulu: It's a small thing, but it can make a difference toward putting your brand's best foot forward. Step 3: Know Your Facebook Audience It helps to know who you're talking to before starting a conversation. Knowing who your audience is on Facebook, however, can be a challenge. Fortunately, its own built-in analytics and other tools can make this task a bit easier. Understand the People Currently Interacting With Your Page Using Insights Facebook offers page owners with plenty of useful data (and at no charge). So, take full advantage of it. Step 1:  Visit your page (if you're the admin) and click Insights: Step 2:  Click on People. Here, you'll find a wealth of useful demographic information. Step 3: Review your demographic performance data on Facebook. Who's interacting with your content the most on Facebook? The answers are easy to find.Use Google Analytics to Analyze Facebook Referral Traffic Google Analytics won't break down your Facebook audience directly. However, it does provide valuable data about who is visiting your website. You want those folks following you on Facebook too, right? Knowing what they like will help achieve that goal. Step 1:  Log into Google Analytics and click on Audience.  Then, click Interests to find out what your website visitors are interested in. Step 2: Next, try finding information about the demographics of your website visitors. Step 3: Next, try clicking into Social. Then, click into the Overview tab to get more useful data. Step 4: You can find detailed data on which social networks (including Facebook) are sending referral traffic back to your site under Network Referrals: Step 5: Clicking into Landing Pages can help you see where Facebook is sending traffic on your site. This is helpful for understanding which content is performing best on the network. Spend some time seeing what you can learn about your audience here. Between Google Analytics and Facebook Insights, there's a lot you can extract. Recommended Reading: 49 Facebook Marketing Tips to Drive Better Results Right Now Use 's Facebook Report If you use 's Social Organizer to schedule your company's social media content, you can use its Facebook Report within the Analytics tab to find the following performance data: Impressions.  How many people saw your posts? Impression Rate By Post Type.  Which types of posts got the most attention? Number of Posts Sent. What does your overall post volume look like? Best Days to Post. Does your audience appear to be more active on some days rather than others? Best Times to Post. Same goes for times. When does your audience engage with your content the most? Best Post Types.  Stats show that video dominates Facebook. Is that the case for you, though? Engagement Rate.  How is your content performing based on engagement? Top Posts. Which specific posts have performed the best (and how might you recreate that success moving forward)? Using this data can help you understand your audience by understanding which content appears to resonate with them the most. Run A Survey This is perhaps the easiest way to know exactly what your audience wants. Sign up for Crowd Signal or Survey Monkey. Create a short list of simple questions asking your audience what they want to see on your Facebook page. Promote your survey on social media and your email newsletter. Analyze the results.Step 4: Develop Your Brand's Facebook Voice You now know who you're talking to. It's time to figure out how you'll talk to them. This means establishing your brand voice on Facebook. This doesn't have to be complicated. It just helps to understand how to make the voice of your brand work on social media. 1. Serious Are you  in an industry where a light-hearted or casual tone would be inappropriate? If so, memes, Millennial lingo, and other things you might typically see on Facebook probably won't be your bread and butter.   Fortunately, it is possible to be formal, professional, and interesting. For example, UNICEF creates compelling content that often carries immense emotional weight: It’s about time A special message from our Goodwill Ambassador, David Beckham on why early moments matter. #EarlyMomentsMatter Posted by UNICEF on Tuesday, June 4, 2019 2. Casual Let's say your brand is in a serious industry. How can you make your Facebook content entertaining and on-brand? Take a cue from Capital One: All Bracket buddies are good luck for #MarchMadness, but a bracket buddy as good as Charles Bark-ley 🠐 ¶ is #FanGoals. Posted by Capital One on Thursday, April 4, 2019 3. Humorous A little bit of light humor can go a long way. Don't worry if you're not the world's best comedian, either. Sometimes, a small amount of subtle humor (as long as it's relevant to your content and brand) can go a long way: "When it comes to Dad Jokes, this is the Nucleus Option." - Michael Buxton, the winning artist from our Dad Jokes design challenge! âš›ï ¸  https://bit.ly/2KclvMW Posted by Threadless on  Wednesday, May 29, 2019 Facebook Marketing Strategy Why You Need One How To Build It Facebook marketing has gotten exponentially more challenging now than it was in the early days. Organic reach is harder to come by, advertising has become more important, and old-school tips and tricks that once worked well may not anymore. Now, more than ever, having a clear strategy is crucial for success. You know that though. Thats why youre here, right? So, your next questions might include: Can you still do effective marketing on Facebook organically? How exactly should smart businesses approach crafting their strategy? What are current best practices to consider following (and to consider breaking)? Which tactics are worth experimenting with right now? Should you consider using tools to better manage your processes? This post will dive into each of these points (and more), showing you exactly how to map out a robust strategy that will help you make the most of Facebook. Facebook Marketing Strategy: How to Plan the Best One in 8 StepsWhat Are the Benefits Behind Planning a Proactive Strategy? research data shows that marketers who document strategy are 313% more likely to report being successful. If Facebook is a primary marketing channel for your company, that means proactive planning should be considered important to ensure the effectiveness of your efforts. Of course, that strategy needs to be thoughtful and on-point. Youll need to do some research and keep it flexible enough to adjust your tactics based on performance over time, but having a plan will put you ahead of the game. You can make documenting that strategy easier by downloading the templates and resources below. In it, youll find a ZIP folder that includes the following: Facebook Marketing Strategy Template (PPT): This template will make it easy to document your entire strategy from start to finish. Google Analytics Custom Reports: Use these links to set up custom reports in Google Analytics for measuring social media success in just a few clicks. Social Media Calendar: Plan every post and keep the execution of your strategy organized in one place. This post will show you exactly how to put it to use so you can get this entire task completed quickly and easily. Planning Your Facebook Strategy in 8 Steps Step 1: Establishing Goals Step 2: Conducting a Facebook Page Audit Step 3: Understanding Your Audience Step 4: Developing a Brand Voice for Facebook Step 5: Running a Competitive Analysis Step 6: Planning a Facebook Content Strategy Step 7: Setting a Facebook Posting Schedule Step 8: Measuring the Effectiveness of Your Strategy Step 1: Define Your Marketing Goals For Facebook Before you know what to do, you need to know why you are doing it. It's easier to succeed when you give yourself a target to aim at.  Here are some common business goals for Facebook brand pages: Drive referral traffic. It isn't as easy as it used to be, but you can still drive traffic from Facebook. Strengthen brand awareness. Odds are your target customer is active on Facebook. Make them know you exist. Build a relationship with your audience. Groups are a great way to build community and achieve this goal. Provide customer service. People expect to be able to reach businesses through their Facebook pages. Generate leads and conversions. Particularly through advertising. No matter what your goal might be, it's important to remember Facebook is a social platform that allows two-way communication with your customers and target audience. Treat it accordingly. Step 2: Audit Your Existing Facebook Presence Do you currently have a Facebook business page (even if you haven't done much with it strategy-wise)? If so, it's a good idea to review where your page's performance is currently standing. This can help identify opportunities for improvement.  Here are some simple things to check (they may seem basic, but lots of little details can collectively add up to a big difference for your brand perception). Is Your About Tab Complete? People discovering your company on Facebook need a way to get to know who you are. If your About tab isn't accurate or complete, though, they'll have a harder time understanding your business. Check out this example from Saucony: Here, you can see they've filled out the following sections: Mission. What are you all about? Contact Info. How can people get ahold of you? Website. Where can I find more about your business? About. Add a company bio here. Company Overview. What do you do? Products. What do you sell? This might include some things that aren't obvious to people. Categories. How is your page best understood? Our Story. This is an extended section to share more about your company. Which Types of Content Appear to Perform Best? Research data shows that video content performs best on Facebook. That's a broad and general truth, though. What's actually working best for you? Review your recent posts (consider going back 90 days or so) and the following questions: Which tone of voice works best? Humorous posts? Serious posts? Inspirational posts? Do successful image posts have anything in common? Certain colors? Subjects? Text vs. no text? Are videos performing well? And if so, what attributes do successful videos share? Are they short? Long? Funny? Serious? What about posts with links? Facebook has indicated a desire to keep people on Facebook, rather than sending traffic away. Is your link post performance reflecting this? This simple exercise can help you figure out what might work well in the future based on what's worked well in the past. You can also quickly see your top performing posts using the Insights tab on your Facebook business page and taking a quick scroll downward: Click See All Posts  to take a deeper dive into your post history: How Does Your Cover Photo Look? If your cover photo hasn't been updated in a while (which it may not have been if you haven't optimized your business page in a while), now might be a good time to consider updating it. One option is to create something simple, timeline, and on-brand like this example from Vans: Or, you can create one that's coordinated with a current campaign you're running, like this example from Hulu: It's a small thing, but it can make a difference toward putting your brand's best foot forward. Step 3: Know Your Facebook Audience It helps to know who you're talking to before starting a conversation. Knowing who your audience is on Facebook, however, can be a challenge. Fortunately, its own built-in analytics and other tools can make this task a bit easier. Understand the People Currently Interacting With Your Page Using Insights Facebook offers page owners with plenty of useful data (and at no charge). So, take full advantage of it. Step 1:  Visit your page (if you're the admin) and click Insights: Step 2:  Click on People. Here, you'll find a wealth of useful demographic information. Step 3: Review your demographic performance data on Facebook. Who's interacting with your content the most on Facebook? The answers are easy to find.Use Google Analytics to Analyze Facebook Referral Traffic Google Analytics won't break down your Facebook audience directly. However, it does provide valuable data about who is visiting your website. You want those folks following you on Facebook too, right? Knowing what they like will help achieve that goal. Step 1:  Log into Google Analytics and click on Audience.  Then, click Interests to find out what your website visitors are interested in. Step 2: Next, try finding information about the demographics of your website visitors. Step 3: Next, try clicking into Social. Then, click into the Overview tab to get more useful data. Step 4: You can find detailed data on which social networks (including Facebook) are sending referral traffic back to your site under Network Referrals: Step 5: Clicking into Landing Pages can help you see where Facebook is sending traffic on your site. This is helpful for understanding which content is performing best on the network. Spend some time seeing what you can learn about your audience here. Between Google Analytics and Facebook Insights, there's a lot you can extract. Recommended Reading: 49 Facebook Marketing Tips to Drive Better Results Right Now Use 's Facebook Report If you use 's Social Organizer to schedule your company's social media content, you can use its Facebook Report within the Analytics tab to find the following performance data: Impressions.  How many people saw your posts? Impression Rate By Post Type.  Which types of posts got the most attention? Number of Posts Sent. What does your overall post volume look like? Best Days to Post. Does your audience appear to be more active on some days rather than others? Best Times to Post. Same goes for times. When does your audience engage with your content the most? Best Post Types.  Stats show that video dominates Facebook. Is that the case for you, though? Engagement Rate.  How is your content performing based on engagement? Top Posts. Which specific posts have performed the best (and how might you recreate that success moving forward)? Using this data can help you understand your audience by understanding which content appears to resonate with them the most. Run A Survey This is perhaps the easiest way to know exactly what your audience wants. Sign up for Crowd Signal or Survey Monkey. Create a short list of simple questions asking your audience what they want to see on your Facebook page. Promote your survey on social media and your email newsletter. Analyze the results.Step 4: Develop Your Brand's Facebook Voice You now know who you're talking to. It's time to figure out how you'll talk to them. This means establishing your brand voice on Facebook. This doesn't have to be complicated. It just helps to understand how to make the voice of your brand work on social media. 1. Serious Are you  in an industry where a light-hearted or casual tone would be inappropriate? If so, memes, Millennial lingo, and other things you might typically see on Facebook probably won't be your bread and butter.   Fortunately, it is possible to be formal, professional, and interesting. For example, UNICEF creates compelling content that often carries immense emotional weight: It’s about time A special message from our Goodwill Ambassador, David Beckham on why early moments matter. #EarlyMomentsMatter Posted by UNICEF on Tuesday, June 4, 2019 2. Casual Let's say your brand is in a serious industry. How can you make your Facebook content entertaining and on-brand? Take a cue from Capital One: All Bracket buddies are good luck for #MarchMadness, but a bracket buddy as good as Charles Bark-ley 🠐 ¶ is #FanGoals. Posted by Capital One on Thursday, April 4, 2019 3. Humorous A little bit of light humor can go a long way. Don't worry if you're not the world's best comedian, either. Sometimes, a small amount of subtle humor (as long as it's relevant to your content and brand) can go a long way: "When it comes to Dad Jokes, this is the Nucleus Option." - Michael Buxton, the winning artist from our Dad Jokes design challenge! âš›ï ¸  https://bit.ly/2KclvMW Posted by Threadless on  Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Local Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Local Practice - Essay Example Even as minority ethnic groups may deem equality of treatment in healthcare, it has to be acknowledged that differences in physiological makeup make it prudent to offer differentiated healthcare. Furthermore cultural practices also call for a differentiation of healthcare since, different local practices result into differentiated healthcare needs. Discussion Engagement in Risky Behavior Risky behavior is in many instances an important predictor of the health of a population. While human beings acknowledge that risky behavior is a cause for poor health it is also a fact that instances of obesity as a result of engaging in the risky behavior of eating of junk food still exists. There are other risky behaviors such as smoking and drinking which despite education on their effects still continue to unexplainably show high rates of prevalence among the American population. The same may also be said of cultural practices which though proven to be negative continue to be adhered by certain populations. While some cultural practices lead to negative and risky behavior, the cultural practices of some ethnic groups have the opposite effect. A good example of this is the prohibition of alcohol and tobacco among the Amish and the prohibition of alcohol among the Arabs. On the other hand the immigrants in America are led to alcohol consumption due to the stress of attaining the American dream.

Tesco Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Tesco Company - Essay Example The company faces financial risk factors as follows: the interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, foreign exchange risk, capital risk and insurance risk. Current ratio – this ratio measures the ability of a business to meet its current obligations using the current assets. Generally, it is advisable for the ratio of current assets to current liability to be 2: 1. Concerning Tesco PLC, the company’s current ratio for 2012 and 2013 were 0.67 and 0.69 respectively. The ratios clearly show that the company is not liquid enough to sufficiently settle its short-term obligations using the current assets. Debt ratio – this ratio indicates the proportion of a company's total assets that have been financed by the total liabilities. It also shows the value of assets that creditors would claim in case of liquidation. Concerning Tesco Company, the ratios for 2012 and 2013 are 64.9 % and 66.76 % respectively. Both ratios show a high dependency on debt to finance the co mpany's assets with 2013 having the biggest percentage. The interpretation shows that only 3.4% of Tesco's revenue was net profit before tax, whereas, the remaining 96.6% were consumed by operating expenses. Based on the current ratio and the net profit margin before tax, Tesco company exhibits poor liquidity and thus cannot meet its current obligation using the current assets. The profitability analysis shows a high level of the company’s operating expenses thus a lower level of profits expressed as a percentage of the total revenue.

The Development of diazepam as an anxiolytic Essay

The Development of diazepam as an anxiolytic - Essay Example Later, diazepam was marketed in 1963 by Hoffmann–La Roche under the trade name Valium. Thus two drugs emerged as the most successful commercially available drugs revolutionizing the science of anti-anxiolytic drugs. By the year 1970s they potentially replaced older drugs for sedative and hypnotic uses (Shorter, 2005). Diazepam belongs to benzodiazepine group. Diazepam acts on ascending reticular formation (responsible for wakefulness) in midbrain and on limbic system (responsible for thought). Muscle relaxation is produced by primary medullary site of action and ataxia is due to action on cerebellum (Tripathi, 2008; Rang & Dale, 2007; Brunton, 2005). Diazepam binds to benzodiazepine binding site on GABAA receptor Cl- channel complex. GABAA receptor is a pentameric structure (like a lily flower). It contains many sub-units and encloses Cl- channel. The opening of Cl- channel is modulated by GABA. Diazepam by binding to benzodiazepine binding site (ÃŽ ±/ÃŽ ³ subunit interface) facilitates GABA action (more amount of GABA will bind to GABAA receptor). It is not a GABA mimetic, it only facilitates GABA mediated Cl- channel opening. Opening of Cl- channel causes influx of Cl- ions and causes hyperpolarization. This decreases the firing rate of neurons. Therefore it possesses hypnotic action- induction of sleep- reticular activating system- depresses CNS- decreases the spread of epileptic discharge, therefore possesses anticonvulsant action (Tripathi, 2008; Rang & Dale, 2007; Brunton, 2005). The chloride channel is gated by the primary ligand GABA acting on GABAA receptor located on the ÃŽ ²- subunit. The benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor located on the interface of ÃŽ ± and ÃŽ ³ subunits modulates GABAA receptor in either direction (Tripathi, 2008). Oral absorption of Diazepam is good. Diazepam is widely distributed in body; absorption from intramuscular site of administration is

How Does Atticus Creates an Impact Essay Example for Free

How Does Atticus Creates an Impact Essay This was greatly influenced by their father, Atticus and the case of Tom Robinson in which Atticus was defending Tom. Atticus was a proud and dignified person in Maycomb. Everyone in Maycomb respects him and he also respects himself. When Atticus was given the case of Tom Robinson, because he always wants to do what he sees as being right, he has to take Tom’s case because he sees this as his duty. Although he knows this case was a lost one because of the racial society he lives in where a white person’s words always triumph over a black person’s words, he still tries his utmost best to defend Tom Robinson. I’ve got to live with myself† is how he explains his determination to Scout. If he didn’t defend Tom, he â€Å"couldn’t hold up his head in town. † Because his would have proved that he was as just as racial as the Maycomb folks. Atticus was â€Å"the deadest shot in Maycomb County† and he was nicknamed â€Å"One-Shot Finch† but he never boasted about his talent and he certainly disapproves of Scout boasting on his behalf. Despite his many talents, Atticus was a modest man. He never looks down on others despite his achievements, career and education status. He respected people of colour. A perfect example of this was that he lets Calpurnia run his entire household. Atticus was constantly criticized and attacked by members of the community of Maycomb before and during the trial but he does not take advantage of his social standing to retaliate or rebuke them. He remains clam when he was provoked directly. When Bob Ewell spits in Atticus’ face and Bob Ewell said â€Å"Too proud to fight? † Atticus simply replied â€Å"No, too old. He just wipes his face after Bob Ewell was finished swearing at him and walked off calmly. This showed that Atticus has more character than Bob Ewell. After that scenario, Atticus thought that Bob Ewell let all his anger out but this was one of Atticus’ few mistakes of judgement of character where this shows that he was not perfect, he was human. Atticus treats his children as intelligent individuals, where if they ask him a question, he answers in a clear matter – of –fact wa y and he answers his questions directly. A good example of this was where Scout does not want to go to school because she cannot read in school; he clearly explains what it actually is. â€Å"Do you know what a compromise is? † he asked. â€Å"No, an agreement reached by mutual concessions. It works this way,† he said. â€Å"If you’ll concede the necessity of going to school, we’ll go on reading every night just as we always have. † That compromise also shows that Atticus has good parenting skills. Atticus was a very fair person, so in instances of an argument, he listens to both sides of the story and then concludes a verdict. This was told to the reader when Scout was explaining to Uncle Jack why he wasn’t fair in dealing with the situation with Scout and Francis â€Å"Well, in the first place you never stopped to gimme a chance to tell you my side of it—you just lit right into me. When Jem an’ I fuss Atticus doesn’t ever just listen to Jem’s side of it, he hears mine too† Atticus has never beaten his children but he firmly scolds them in certain situations. For example when he makes Jem go and read for Mrs Dubose â€Å"Atticus, she wants me to read to her. Yes sir. She wants me to come every afternoon after school and Saturdays and read to her out loud for two hours. Atticus, do I have to? † â€Å"Certainly,† said Atticus. In conclusion, we all, as readers, see that Atticus has an impact in some way on every person living in Maycomb county either directly or indirectly. Also, we see that Atticus tries his best to grow up his children in the best way possible and answer all their questions when asked instead of just delving into another topic.